| アブストラクト | Hypertension is a major contributor to the global disease burden, affecting more than one billion individuals worldwide. Despite decades of recognition of its adverse health effects, hypertension control rates remain suboptimal. Epidemiology provides essential knowledge for understanding disease distribution and identifying risk factors at the individual, social, and environmental levels. Recent evidence emphasizes both traditional lifestyle determinants, including excess sodium intake, low potassium intake, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, and emerging contributors, such as gut microbiota dysregulation and infectious diseases. Among those, the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio has gained attention as an important factor associated with hypertension risk. Additionally, social determinants of health, including socioeconomic disparities, neighborhood deprivation, and structural racism, exacerbate the risk of hypertension and impede its effective control. Environmental factors such as air pollution, extreme temperatures, and occupational stress further contribute to the complexity of hypertension epidemiology. Regarding contemporary epidemiological methodology, our proposed concepts of the "Bench and Real-World Cycle" and "Real-World Evidence Cycle" highlight the necessity of continuously integrating real-world evidence into practice. In addition to classical cohort studies, real-world data derived from electronic health records including health checkups and insurance claims data are indispensable tools for addressing previous research limitations. This multifaceted perspective will accelerate evidence-based epidemiological approaches for preventing and treating hypertension. |
|---|
| 投稿者 | Satoh, Michihiro; Nakayama, Shingo; Nobayashi, Hiroki; Iwabe, Yutaro; Izumi, Seiya; Murakami, Takahisa; Hirose, Takuo; Metoki, Hirohito |
|---|
| 組織名 | Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku;Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.;satoh.mchr@tohoku-mpu.ac.jp.;Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank;Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. satoh.mchr@tohoku-mpu.ac.jp.;Department of Pharmacy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital,;Sendai, Japan. satoh.mchr@tohoku-mpu.ac.jp.;Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los;Angeles, CA, USA.;Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The;Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.;Center for Clinical Research Promotion and Development, Tohoku Medical and;Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.;Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of;Medicine, Sendai, Japan.;Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.;Division of Aging and Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Rehabilitation;Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.;Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and;Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.;Division of Integrative Renal Replacement Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku;Tohoku Institute for the Management of Blood Pressure, Sendai, Japan. |
|---|
