| アブストラクト | COVID-19 mortality rate has not been formally assessed in Nigeria. Thus, we aimed to address this gap and identify associated mortality risk factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data from all 37 States in Nigeria between February 27, 2020, and April 3, 2021. The outcome variable was mortality amongst persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Incidence rates of COVID-19 mortality was calculated by dividing the number of deaths by total person-time (in days) contributed by the entire study population and presented per 100,000 person-days with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Adjusted negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 mortality. Findings are presented as adjusted Incidence Rate Ratios (aIRR) with 95% CI. The first wave included 65,790 COVID-19 patients, of whom 994 (1∁E1%) died; the second wave included 91,089 patients, of whom 513 (0∁E6%) died. The incidence rate of COVID-19 mortality was higher in the first wave [54∁E5 (95% CI: 50∁E8-57∁E3)] than in the second wave [19∁E9 (17∁E0-20∁E3)]. Factors independently associated with increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves were: age >/=45 years, male gender [first wave aIRR 1∁E5 (1∁E5-2∁E2) and second wave 1∁E2 (1∁E1-2∁E6)], being symptomatic [aIRR 3∁E7 (2∁E9-3∁E9) and 3∁E4 (2∁E0-4∁E1)], and being hospitalised [aIRR 4∁E9 (3∁E6-5∁E9) and 7∁E4 (4∁E0-12∁E4)]. Relative to South-West, residency in the South-South and North-West was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves. In conclusion, the rate of COVID-19 mortality in Nigeria was higher in the first wave than in the second wave, suggesting an improvement in public health response and clinical care in the second wave. However, this needs to be interpreted with caution given the inherent limitations of the country's surveillance system during the study. |
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| 投稿者 | Elimian, Kelly; Musah, Anwar; King, Carina; Igumbor, Ehimario; Myles, Puja; Aderinola, Olaolu; Erameh, Cyril; Nwanchukwu, William; Akande, Oluwatosin; Nicaise, Ndembi; Ogunbode, Oladipo; Egwuenu, Abiodun; Crawford, Emily; Gaudenzi, Giulia; Abdus-Salam, Ismail; Olopha, Olubunmi; Disu, Yahya; Bowale, Abimbola; Oshoma, Cyprian; Ohonsi, Cornelius; Arinze, Chinedu; Badaru, Sikiru; Ebhodaghe, Blessing; Habib, Zaiyad; Olugbile, Michael; Dan-Nwafor, Chioma; Abubakar, Jafiya; Pembi, Emmanuel; Dunkwu, Lauryn; Ike, Ifeanyi; Tobin, Ekaete; Mutiu, Bamidele; Luka-Lawal, Rejoice; Nwafor, Obinna; Okowa, Mildred; Ezeokafor, Chidiebere; Iwara, Emem; Yennan, Sebastian; Eziechina, Sunday; Olatunji, David; Falodun, Lanre; Joseph, Emmanuel; Abali, Ifeanyi; Mohammed, Tarik; Yiga, Benjamin; Kamaldeen, Khadeejah; Agogo, Emmanuel; Mba, Nwando; Oladejo, John; Ilori, Elsie; Aruna, Olusola; Namara, Geoffrey; Obaro, Stephen; Hamza, Khadeejah; Asuzu, Michael; Bello, Shaibu; Okonofua, Friday; Deeni, Yusuf; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Alfven, Tobias; Ochu, Chinwe; Ihekweazu, Chikwe |
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| 組織名 | Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.;Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.;Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin;City, Edo State, Nigeria.;Nigeria COVID-19 Research Coalition, Abuja, Nigeria.;Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom.;Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory;Agency, London, United Kingdom.;Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching;Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.;Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia.;Lagos State Ministry of Health, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.;Infectious Disease Unit, Mainland Hospital, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.;University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.;The World Bank, Abuja, Nigeria.;Adamawa State Ministry of Health and Human Services, Yola, Adamawa State,;Nigeria.;Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, Abuja, Nigeria.;eHealth Africa, Abuja, Nigeria.;Lagos State Biobank Mainland Hospital Yaba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.;Ministry of Health, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.;National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria.;Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation, Abuja, Nigeria.;Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.;Kaduna State Infectious Disease Control Centre, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.;Bauchi State Ministry of Health, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.;Kwara State Ministry of Health, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.;Resolve to Save Lives, Abuja, Nigeria.;International Health Strengthening Project, Global Public Health, Public Health;England, Abuja, Nigeria.;World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria.;Department of Paediatrics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United;States of America.;Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.;University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.;College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State,;Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation, University of Benin,;Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.;Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Federal;University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.;Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Pop Health Sciences, University College;London, London, United Kingdom. |
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